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The experiment carried out to study growth, flowering and yield parameters of Narcissus by using growth regulators, i.e., benzyladenine and gibberellic acid in different concentrations, revealed that application of BA (400 ppm) significantly increased length of leaf, width of leaf, width of scape, plant height, early opening of 1st flower and increased number of roots plant–1. BA at 300 ppm resulted in late senescence of 1st flower and diameter of bulb. Lower dose of BA i.e., 100 ppm significantly increased number of buds plant–1 and number of open flowers plant–1. Higher concentration of GA3 (200 ppm), significantly delayed opening of last floret, increased duration of flowering, number of bulbs hill–1, diameter of root, fresh and dry weight of roots. However, lower dose of GA3 (50 ppm) exhibited maximum weight of bulb and length of root.
Key words: Benzyladenine, bulb parameters, dry weight, Narcissus tazetta, roots.
Sakshi Santosh Vyas1, Minakshi Padhi*1, Anjana Sisodia2, Kalyan Barman2 and Anil K. Singh3
1Research Scholar, 2Assistant Professor, 3Senior Professor,
1,2,3Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, U.P., India
Email: minakshipadhi@gmail.com
The field experiment, conducted at sub-humid, sub-temperate mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh during rabi, 2021-23 to evaluate the effect of inorganic fertilizers and natural farming formulations on the growth, yield, and quality of cauliflower cv. PSBK-1, showed that the application of 80 per cent RDN + Jeevamrit 15 per cent (soil drenching at 21 days intervals) exhibited maximum values for plant height (52.93 cm), number of leaves per plant (29.87), leaf size (1,178.00 cm2), stalk length (5.07 cm), curd size (135.00 cm2), gross curd weight (1.87 kg), net curd weight (751.07 g), and marketable curd yield (268.39 q ha-1). The same treatment also demonstrated the highest TSS (7.94°Brix), vitamin A (23.93 µg 100 g–1), and vitamin C (73.34 mg/100 g) content in curds. The results indicate that the application of 80 per cent RDN in conjunction with soil drenching of Jeevamrit at 15 per cent at 21 days interval can be recommended for maximizing the growth, yield, and quality of cauliflower under the sub-humid, subtemperate mid-hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh.
Keywords: Beejamrit; Ghanjeevamrit; Jeevamrit; TSS; Vitamin-A, Vitamin-C
Neha Sharma2, R.S. Spehia1, Homa Parveen1, Komal1 and Shivam Sharma2*
1Dr. Y.S. Parmar UHF, Nauni (Solan), Himachal Pradesh (India)- 173230
2Department of Vegetable Science & Floriculture, CSK HPKV Palampur, Himachal Pradesh (India)- 176062
Email: shivamsharma7154@gmail.com
An experiment unfolded at the Experimental Farm in the Department of Horticulture, AAU, Jorhat during 2021-22 to analyse the effect of different concentrations of IBA viz., H1: distilled water, H2: 25 ppm, H3: 50 ppm and H4: 75 ppm on three different cutting sizes (N1: 1 node, N2: 3 nodes, N3: 5 nodes) across three underutilized leafy vegetables (Brahmi, Matikanduri, Madhusoleng). In nursery, the experiment (I) was put out in Factorial Randomised Block Design (FRBD) from which the best and the poorest treatment of each crop were planted in the main field for further studies on their growth. In the main field, the experiment (II) was laid out in Randomized Block Design with four replications. The interaction between cutting size and IBA concentration spotlighted N3H4 as the pinnacle treatment in Brahmi displaying superior rooting percentage, longest root length, root diameter, highest root fresh and dry weights, highest root number, and hastening new leaf appearance. In Matikanduri, N3H4 excelled in rooting percentage, root length, root diameter, fresh weight, and root number, whereas N3H3 caused the maximum root dry weight and quickest new leaf emergence. Madhusoleng exhibited optimal results with N3H4, showcasing the highest rooting percentage, longest root length, root diameter, root fresh and dry weights, root number, and minimum time to new leaf appearance. In the main field, Brahmi-survival percentage (99.50%), plant height (21 cm), plant spread (29.25 cm), number of branches (3.75), leaf number (21.25), Matikanduri– survival percentage (98.75%), plant height (40.45 cm), plant spread (68.95 cm), number of branches (38.25), leaf number (330.50), Madhusoleng– survival percentage (98.50%), plant height (82.00 cm), plant spread (102.25 cm), number of branches (31.00), leaf number (378.75) were found to be best in the same treatment combination of N3H4 with maximum BC ratio of 3.31, 4.46, and 5.80, respectively.
Key words: Cuttings, IBA, leafy vegetables, standardization, underutilized,
Kashmir Taku1, Ningombam Sushma Devi1, Karobi Handique1, Huirem Daina Devi1, Jutimala Phookan2 and Ningombam Bijaya Devi3
1Arunachal University of Studies, Namsai, 792013, Arunachal Pradesh
2Assam Agricultural University-Sugarcane, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Station, Buralikson, Dergoan, Golaghat-785618.
3G.P Women’s College, Dhanamanjuri University, 795001, Imphal.
Email: ningombam.sushma@gmail.com
The experiment, laid out in complete randomized block design (CRBD) and three replications with ten treatments viz., GA3 @ 50 ppm, GA3 @ 75 ppm, GA3 @ 100 ppm, GA3 @ 200 ppm, NAA @ 100 ppm, KNO3 @ 1 per cent, cow urine @ 10 per cent, cow urine @ 100 per cent, cow dung slurry, and control (Distilled water) at Research Farm, Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Dhule, in the Maharashtra state (India) with the objective of enhancing rooting characteristics in khirni, suggested that the seed soaked in cow dung slurry (T9) was the most promising. It had maximum average fresh root weight, maximum average fresh shoot weight, maximum root: shoot ratio (fresh weight basis), higher average root length and maximum root density of khirni seedling. It is advised that khirni seedlings be treated with cow dung slurry for 36 hours to prepare them for grafting when they are being raised for sapota grafting.
Keywords: Manilkara hexandra, Khirni, root growth, rootstock, chemical treatment, root density, average root: shoot ratio, average fresh shoot weight, average fresh root weight.
Karan A. Bansode1, S.D. Patil2, Yogesh Shaniware3* and Mayur Dhumal4
1Karan A. Bansode, Postgraduate Scholar, Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Dhule, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra, India.
2Dr. S. D. Patil, Professor, Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Dhule, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra, India.
3Yogesh Shaniware, Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India.
4Mayur Dhumal, PG Scholar, Horticulture Section, College of Agriculture, Dhule, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra, India.
Email: yogeshshaniware1@gmail.com
A field experiment, conducted at ICAR–Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram, to evaluate the performance of six potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties Kufri Thar-3, Kufri Surya, Kufri Uday, Kufri Bahar, Kufri Anand, and Kufri Thar-1 under local agro-climatic conditions on growth, quality, and yield attributes at 60 and 90 days after planting (DAP), revealed significant varietal differences across all parameters. Kufri Anand exhibited superior vegetative growth in terms of plant height and number of leaves, Kufri Surya and Kufri Bahar demonstrated strong vegetative vigour and higher dry matter and starch content and Kufri Thar-3 and Kufri Surya recorded high TSS values, suggesting enhanced metabolic activity. Kufri Uday consistently recorded the highest average tuber weight per plant (561.20 g), number of tubers (7.80), and overall yield (36.30 t ha–1), establishing its suitability for high-yield production. In contrast, Kufri Thar-1 recorded the lowest yield (28.20 t ha–1), despite showing moderate vegetative performance. The findings emphasize the importance of varietal selection to optimize productivity and quality based on site-specific agro-ecological conditions.
Keywords: Kufri varieties, plant growth, tuber yield, starch content, TSS, vegetative vigour and agro-climatic evaluation
Pushpendra Pratap Singh, Shubham Yadav and R.P. Mishra
ICAR-IIFSR, Modipuram, Meerut-250110 (U.P.)
Email: ppsinghciah@gmail.com
The present study focuses on the insilico identiûcation of SWEET transporter coding genes in mango and its expression in leaf, root, unripe pulp, ripe pulp and jelly seed. Twelve different SWEET transcription factors genes/ transcripts (MiSWEET1, MiSWEET2, MiSWEET3, MiSWEET4, MiSWEET5, MiSWEET6, MiSWEET7, MiSWEET10, MiSWEET12, MiSWEET14, MiSWEET16, MiSWEET17) were mined in the fruit transcriptome data of mango jelly seed tissue. Motif 5 is the most conserved motif and seven amino acid residues in this motif are identical in nearly all SWEET members harbouring this motif. The proline (P, 5th), Leucine (L, 6th), Valine (V, 12th and 18th), Serine (S, 17th), Methionine (M, 21st), and Phenylalanine (F, 23rd) of motif 5 are largely conserved in this family, which might be important for sugar intercellular exchange in mango. To decipher the role of SWEET factors in this disorder, the expression analysis through semi-quantitative RT-PCR was analysed at root, leaf, unripe pulp, ripe pulp and jelly seed, revealing that these SWEET genes play developmental and ripening roles. Expression patterns of the SWEET genes during fruit development and ripening indicated that they may be involved in development and ripening by the ethylene signalling pathway. Our findings provide for further functional characterization of the SWEET family genes in mango and open the window of investigation of an important SWEET transcription factor family of genes and its role in mango fruit development and ripening.
Keywords: Dashehari, ripening, jelly seed, SWEET gene
Rubeena Abbas, Sumit K. Soni, Ashish Yadav, Anju Bajpai and Israr Ahmad*
Division of Crop Improvement and Biotechnology, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226101, India
Email: israr15ahmad@gmail.com
The field experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture, Dapoli in rabi season of the year 2022-23 to assess the performance of marigold with sweet corn intercropping system. The marigold was intercropped with sweet corn in six different ratios viz; 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 3:2, 4:1 and 4:2 along with marigold and sweet corn sole crops. The flowering parameters of sweet corn viz; days to tasselling, days to silking and nodal position of the female flower were studied in flowering phase of sweet corn which were not significantly influenced by intercropping systems with marigold. The revealed significantly higher cob length and girth were in treatment T7 (25.25 cm, 6.98 cm, respectively) whereas, the minimum length and girth of cob were found in treatment T2 (21.64 cm and 6.32 cm, respectively). The maximum weight of cob (501.58 g) and maximum weight of sweet corn grains (334.47 g) per cob were observed in treatment T7 (Marigold + sweetcorn 4:1). While, the minimum weight of cob (461.08 g) as well as weight of sweet corn grains (294.98 g cob–1 were recorded in treatment T2 (sole sweet corn).
Keywords: Intercropping, Mariogld, Sweetcorn, Cob
S.S. Savaratkar, K.V. Malshe* and V.G. Chavan
Regional Coconut Research Station, Bhatye, Ratnagiri 415612
Email: kvmalshe@gmail.com
The field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of humic acid and seaweed biostimulants on the growth, yield and quality of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) cv. CO-34 during the rabi season of 2020-21 at the Vegetable Farm, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalrapatan City, Jhalawar, India. The study employed a factorial randomized block design with three replications, testing twelve treatment combinations of humic acid (0, 10, 20, 30 ml L–1) and seaweed extract (0, 1, 2 ml L–1). The combination of 30 ml L–1 humic acid and 2 ml L–1 seaweed extract (H3S2) significantly enhanced growth parameters, including vine length (62.63 cm at 60 DAT, 126.16 cm at 120 DAT) and number of branches per vine (10.33 at 60 DAT, 22.50 at 120 DAT), as well as yield parameters such as tuber number per plant (6.77), tuber weight (242.67 g) and tuber yield (46.10 t ha–1). Quality parameters, including total soluble solids (18.47 °Brix), dry matter (29.21%) and ascorbic acid content (18.40 mg 100 g–1), were also maximum in H3S2 compared to the control (H0S0). These findings underscore the synergistic potential of humic acid and seaweed biostimulants in improving sweet potato productivity and quality, offering valuable insights for sustainable agriculture.
Keywords: Sweet potato, humic acid, seaweed extract, biostimulants, growth, yield and quality
Hardat Kaswan1, Kavita Aravindakshan2, SK Jat3 and Jitendra Gurjar4*
1Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Vegetable Science, SKRAU, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
2Associate Professor, Department of Vegetable Science, CH&F, Jhalawar, AU, Kota Rajasthan, India
3Assitant Professor, Department of Entomology, CH&F, Jhalawar, AU, Kota Rajasthan, India
4Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Horticulture, SKRAU, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
Email: Jitendragurja888@gmail.com
The experiment, designed with the objective of estimating the total sugars, reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, total phenols, crude fibre, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and zinc in dried fruit samples of 8 genotypes, 28 hybrids and 2 standard hybrid checks to develop hybrids that can impart resistance against insect pest as well as is nutritionally beneficial for humans, was conducted in randomized block design at All India Coordinated Research Project on Vegetable Crops, Department of Horticulture, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri during June, 2022 to December, 2023. The biochemical analysis of fruits and leaves of kharif and summer trial was carried out separately in Ph.D. laboratory, Department of Horticulture, MPKV, Rahuri. All the biochemical parameters were found to vary significantly among all the genotypes, hybrids and standard hybrid checks. Among parents/genotypes, P5 (RHRBR-54) was rated as the best genotype and P5 x P6 (RHRBR-54 x RHRBR-74), P6 x P7 (RHRBR-74 x RHRBR-34) and P5 x P8 (RHRBR-54 x RHRBR-2) 1 were found as the best cross combinations during both the seasons. Identified parental lines can be used for development of superior variety, whereas superior cross combinations can be exploited as a commercial hybrid.
Keywords: Solanum melongena, biochemical parameters, parental lines and superior variety etc.
Parul Mehra1, M.N. Bhalekar2, Shubham Singh Patel3 and Rashmi Dongre4
1Ph.D. Horticulture (Vegetable Science), Department of Horticulture, PGI, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra
2Ex-Senior Vegetable Breeder and Professor (CAS), AICRP on Vegetable crops, Department of Horticulture, MPKV, Rahuri
3Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Horticulture, COA, JNKVV, Jabalpur
4Ph.D. Horticulture (Fruit Science), Department of Horticulture, PGI, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra
Email: parulmehra1995@gmail.com
The field investigation, carried out was at the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding research farm of Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Utlou, Bishnupur District, Manipur, in kharif season of the year 2022, using seventeen aromatic rice genotypes in Randomized Block Design with three replications, showed appreciable amount of diversity among genotypes and analysis of variance displayed greatly remarkable variation of ten characters. Analysis of divergence through D2 statistics revealed maximum distance between genotype G7–Chakhao amubi and genotype G16–Napneng haenghmei (1520.91). Using Tocher’s method of cluster formation, three clusters have been classified. Cluster I (313.23) was noticed the largest intra cluster distance. Largest inter-cluster distance noticed among cluster II and III (1389.46) which is come after cluster I and III (1028.72). Parents which are genetically apart from those clusters could make greater heterosis on hybridization in offspring. Genotypes included in cluster II determined shorter plant height with earliness in flowering and maturity, longer panicle length, more 1000grains weight and high grain L/B ratio. Genotype included in cluster III showed more number of grains per panicle and higher grain yield per plant and cluster mean values showed. Highest contributors towards total genetic diversity among the genotypes studied were days to 50 per cent flowering and plant height. Therefore, days to 50 per cent flowering and plant height may be given importance during selection of parents in hybridization programme. Based on these findings, various objectives of breeding in the aromatic rice genotypes of Manipur could be continued. The superior genotypes found could be exploited in hybridization programme.
Keywords: Genetic diversity, D2 – statistics, aromatic rice.
Hanglem Sonibala Devi1, Yaikhom Vivekananda*1, Kshetrimayum Sumita2, Hanglem Ionebala Devi1, Ngashepam Paikhomba1 and R.K. Imotomba Singh1
1Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyay Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Utlou, Manipur
2College of Agriculture, CAU, Imphal
Email: boneybi@gmail.com
The field investigation, conducted during 2022-23 (rabi season) in Randomized block design with 3 replications at Agricultural Research Farm of Baba Raghav Das Post-Graduate College, Deoria, UP to evaluate efficacy of botanical insecticides (i.e. neem leaf extracts @ 100 ml L–1, eucalyptus oil @ 25 ml L–1, lemongrass leaf extract @ 50 ml L–1, neem baan (azadirachtin 0.15 EC) @ 4 ml L–1, neem oil @ 5 ml L–1, and chinaberry seed extract @ 50 ml L–1) along with one chemical insecticide (spinotoram 11.7 per cent SC @ 0.25 ml L–1) over the Pusa-261 chickpea variety revealed that the insecticide spinotoram 11.7 per cent SC and the botanical neem oil was found superior against H. armigera in chickpea, respectively. Rest of the botanicals also showed significant effect over control. Maximum yield was recorded from the plots treated with spinotoram 11.7 per cent SC with grain yield of 0.28 Kg plot–1 followed by neem oil (0.26 Kg plot–1) as compared to the control (0.11 Kg plot–1).
Key words: Pod borer, management, botanicals, treatments, spinotoram 11.7 per cent SC, ecofriendly and leaf extracts
Ajeet Kumar Singh1, Devendra Kumar Yadav1, Akhileshwar Vishwakarma2*, Buts Kumar Gourav3 and Pratiksha Dwivedi1
1Department of Entomology, Baba Raghav Das Post Graduate College, Deoria-274001, Uttar Pradesh
2ICAR-National Research Centre for Makhana, Darbhanga-846005, Bihar
3Sai Nath University, Ranchi-835219, Jharkhand
Email: iakrdeos@gmail.com
The study effectively demonstrated the differential response of rice genotypes to artificial infestation of brown plant hoppers (BPH). Feeding preference test screening of 73 rice genotypes, against brown plant hopper N. lugens was conducted in polyhouse using the standard seed box (fiber crates) method. Each tray contained 10 rows of test entries with 20 seedlings in each row. Two rows of check genotypes PTB-33 and TN-1 were sown in the middle and at the borders of crates. Second instar nymphs were released on 10 days old seedlings. The feeding preference and multiplication of N. lugens were recorded on every genotype when more than 90 percent TN-1 seedlings were killed by N. lugens. The observations on plant damage were completed 7-12 days after the release of insects. Damage to seedlings was rated on the basis of visual plant damage symptoms (0-9 scale). Six genotypes (IR 64, IGKVR 1244, R 2090-818-1-275-1, R 1700- 302-1-156-1, JRH-5 [Hybrid] and PTB 33) proved highly resistant against N. lugens. Twenty-two genotypes were resistant & sixteen genotypes were moderately resistant to N. lugens. By leveraging promising genetic material and advanced rearing techniques for N. lugens, sustainable pest management strategies can be achieved. Overall, the study reinforces the critical role of resistant genotypes in mitigating BPH damage and enhancing rice productivity in pest-prone regions.
Keywords: Feeding preference, resistant, genotypes, N. lugens, rice etc.
Rishikesh Mandloi1, Abhishek Shukla2, Manoher Saryam1* and Kusum Sharma3
1Assistant Professor and 2Professor
1Faculty of Agriculture, Rabindranath Tagore University, Raisen, Madhya Pradesh, India
2Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
3Faculty of Science, Rabindranath Tagore University, Raisen, Madhya Pradesh, India
Email: manohar.saryam@gmail.com
The biology of H. armigera reared on organically and traditionally grown chickpea showed maximum and minimum egg hatching of 89.82 and 80.59 per cent, respectively. The mean pre-oviposition, oviposition and postoviposition periods of H. armigera female was (2.92±0.86, 6.32±1.24 and 1.72±1.20) days on organically grown chickpea, while (2.48±0.50, 5.32±1.21 and 1.64±1.18) days on traditionally grown chickpea. The maximum mean fecundity was 220.20 ± 17.63 on organically grown chickpea and minimum (186.60±10.68) on traditionally grown chickpea. The incubation period on traditionally grown chickpea (3.84±0.84 days) and (4.44 ± 1.08) days on organically grown chickpea. The minimum larval developmental period of 24.92± 2.23 days was noted on traditionally grown chickpea, whereas, it was maximum (25.92 ± 2.79 days) on organically grown chickpea. Similarly, the length and breadth of pre-pupae (25.49±1.72 and 6.12±0.31 mm) and pupae (20.53±2.12 and 6.73±0.36 mm for male and 22.86 ± 3.40 and 7.15 ± 0.28 for female) was maximum on organically grown chickpea and minimum of (25.43±1.97 and 6.08±0.36 mm) for pre-pupa, (18.95±1.83 and 6.47±0.45 mm) for male pupa and (22.81 ± 3.18 and 7.08 ± 0.32 mm) for female pupa was measured on traditionally grown chickpea. The minimum pre-pupal (2.88 ± 1.12 days) and pupal periods (8.00 ± 0.81 and 9.08 ± 1.35 days for male and female) were recorded on traditionally grown chickpea, while maximum (2.96 ± 1.05 days pre-pupal and 8.60 ± 1.11 and 9.6 ± 1.47 days male and female pupal periods) on organically grown chickpea. Among two hosts the longevity of male and female was recorded as maximum with a mean of (6.56±1.08 and 10.04±1.42 days) on organically grown chickpea and minimum with a mean of (5.68 ± 1.14 and 10.36 ± 1.18 days), respectively on traditionally grown chickpea. The sex ratio of male to female was 1: 0.89 and 1: 0.78 on organically and traditionally grown chickpea. On the basis of growth index, organically grown chickpea (3.55) was the most preferred host over traditionally grown chickpea (3.33) for H. armigera.
Keywords: Chickpea, Helicoverpa armigera, biology, growth index
P.J. Salvi1, M.K. Chandaragi2*, B.R. Nakrani3, Dhruv Parmar4 and P.S. Patel5
1,4&5 Department of Agricultural Entomology, 2,3Centre for Oilseeds Research, S.D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar–385506, Gujarat, India
Email: mallu3731@gmail.com
A field investigation was conducted to study the seasonal incidence of insect pests on tomato crops and their correlation with weather parameters. Eight insect species, including aphids, mealybugs, green plant hoppers, fruit flies, whiteflies, tomato fruit borer, leaf miner, and the parasitoid Cotesia glomerata, were recorded. Aphids, mealybugs, and hoppers peaked in early March, while fruit flies and whiteflies were most prevalent mid-March. The fruit borer and leaf miners reached peak populations in April, and C. glomerata was most active in the second week of March. Most insect populations showed a significant positive correlation with relative humidity, while correlations with temperature and sunshine were generally non-significant or negative. Leaf miners showed significant negative correlations with temperature and sunshine. The study highlights the strong influence of abiotic factors, especially humidity, on pest dynamics. Climate-resilient Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and biological control using C. glomerata are recommended for sustainable pest control.
Keywords: Incidence, insects, tomato, correlation, weather parameters
Nishi Sewak* and Shraddha Tripathi
Department of Zoology, Ewing Christian College, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211003, Uttar Pradesh, India
Email: nishisewak@gmail.com
The study, carried out across 14 polyhouses located in Delhi, Kurukshetra, Palwal, Panipat, and Sonipat, 0revealed prevalence of nematode infestations in soils of 78.6 per cent (11/14) of polyhouses. While two polyhouses surpassed the pathogenic threshold (2 J2/cc soil) at the preplanting stage, eight exceeded its threshold level during midplanting (up to 19.9 J2/cc), with all nine facilities assessed at the maturity stage surpassing it (up to 30.5 J2/cc). The highest nematode multiplication rates were observed in the Marinika cultivar (midplanting: 17.9; maturity: 37.8), particularly in soils lacking management interventions. Conversely, polyhouses implementing biocontrol agents (e.g., Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas spp.) demonstrated reduced nematode proliferation, with the lowest rates recorded in Alawalpur I (6.3 and 10.6 at midplanting and maturity, respectively). Chemical treatments, such as Velum Prime, exhibited only transient suppressive effects. These findings emphasize the necessity of revising preplanting threshold criteria and implementing integrated nematode management (INM) approaches to ensure sustainable tomato production under protected cultivation systems.
Keywords: Rootknot nematode, Meloidogyne, tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, polyhouse etc.
Ajay Singh Sindhu1* and Anju Kamra2
1Research Scholar, Division of Nematology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi
2Principal Scientist, Division of Nematology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), New Delhi
Email: anjukamra@yahoo.com
The investigation, focused on exploiting the antigonistic potential of yeast Pichia spp. (strain YPS10) against fungal and bacterial pathogens, showed that Pichia spp. inhibited mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini (57.70%) followed by Didymella naikii (50.00%). Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria, X. campestris pv. campestris and X. oryzae pv. oryzae exhibited significantly similar sensitivity to Pichia sp., with the zone of inhibition measuring from 17.60 to 19.00 mm. Formulations were developed using organic and inorganic carrier material after knowing their antagonistic nature. The results depict that the potentiality of different carriers in maintaining viability of Pichia sp., cells varied and their viability of cells lasts longer when the formulations were kept in refrigerators.
Key words: Biocontrol, bio-efficacy, carriers, formulation, Pichia
S.H. Arundhati1, A.S. Savitha1*, K. Ajithkumar2, S.T. Yenjerappa1 and G.H. Shivanand2
1Department of Plant Pathology, AC, Raichur
2Main Agricultural Research Station University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur- 584104, Karnataka
Email: savitha.path@gmail.com
This study delves into the intriguing role of bioagents in tackling Fusarium wilt in lentil (Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis) by stimulating plant defense mechanisms, reducing wilt incidence, and regulating growth factors to boost yield. Biocontrol agents: Trichoderma harzianum (Th-14) (PB1), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Psf 173) (PB2), or a mix of the two (PB3) were used at both in vitro and in vivo at different doses (6 g, 10 g, and 15 g per kg seed). Bioagent, Pseudomonas fluorescens (Strain Psf 173) exhibited a significant 70 percent inhibition of the pathogen mycelium radial growth along with the significant decrease in the wilt disease and an increase in yield in the field after the seed treatment. The plant defense-related enzymes such as PAL, PO, PPO, and catalase also increased many folds. Thus, demonstrated a promising result in controlling Fusarium wilt in lentil in organic farming.
Keywords: Trichoderma harzianum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Consortium, ISR, Lentil, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis
Anshul Arya1 and Sujata Singh Yadav2
1Subject Matter Specialist, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand, India 246439, dranshularya@gmail.com
2Research Scholar, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, GBPUAT, Pantnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, India 263145
Email:dranshularya@gmail.com
Rice sheath rot, caused by Sarocladium oryzae, is a devastating disease threatening rice production worldwide, with yield losses ranging from 9.6 per cent to 85 per cent. Conventional reliance on synthetic fungicides has raised concerns about environmental sustainability and health safety, prompting the exploration of eco-friendly alternatives. This study investigates the in vitro efficacy of native antagonistic bio-agents, specifically Trichoderma spp. and Pseudomonas spp., against Sarocladium oryzae. Rhizospheric soil samples were collected to isolate and identify bio-agents, which were then tested using the dual culture method. Results revealed significant pathogen inhibition, with Trichoderma isolate Tr-1 achieving the highest inhibition rate (76.72%) among the Trichoderma isolates and in Pseudomonas isolates Ps-1 (61.21%) showed the significant inhibition. These findings highlight the potential of native bio-agents as sustainable, environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical fungicides, offering a promising strategy for integrated disease management in rice cultivation and advancing organic farming practices.
Keywords: Rice sheath rot, Trichoderma, Pseudomonas, antagonistic bio-agents, sustainable agriculture
Chetankumar1*, R.K. Ranjan1, Aravind G.V.1, Dinesh Rai1 and Md. Abbas Ahmad2
1Department of Plant Pathology and Nematology, PGCA, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar
2Department of Entomology, PGCA, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar
Email: cskalal6002@gmail.com
This study examines the metabolic versatility of ten fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates obtained from rhizospheric soil. The isolates, (BS-1, BS-2, BS-3, BS-4, 9704, 9829, 9809, BSP-19, BSP-14, BSP-23) demonstrated a high degree of metabolic versatility, highlighting their adaptability to diverse ecological niches. Carbon source utilization profiles were developed using the HicarboTM kit, revealing that Pseudomonas aeruginosa shared 70 per cent phenotypic similarity with the isolates, thereby affirming the value of standard datasets for species identification. The observed metabolic diversity highlights the potential applications of Pseudomonas species in ecological and agricultural fields, demonstrating their resilience and functional versatility in various environments.
Keywords: Metabolic profile, Pseudomonas, carbohydrate utilization, HicarboTM kit.
Rathod Parashuram*, Toshy Agrawal and Anil S. Kotasthane
1Department of Plant Pathology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidhyalaya, Raipur-492012, Chhattisgarh
2Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidhyalaya, Raipur-492012, Chhattisgarh
Email: parshunaik25@gmail.com
Tea production and processing enterprises in several industrialized and developing nations are generating a huge byproduct and solid waste, thereby posing a distress and pervasive issues. Consequently, the global research community has started focusing on the exploration of sustainable ways that would repurpose tea waste (TW) in numerous utilizations. This research focuses on the beneficial usage of TW biomass in bioethanol production along with the sustainable reutilization of tea industry waste in a sustainable manner. Bioethanol is a clean and renewable energy resource that has gained escalated concentration as a prospective substitute for non-renewable and conventional petroleum-based fuels. In this research field waste, industrial waste and spent tea waste of Camelia sinensis were explored for their potential to produce bioethanol by Kluveromyces marxianus NCIM 3465 and Rhizopus oryzae NCIM 1387. It was found that both Kluveromyces marxianus NCIM 3465 and Rhizopus oryzae NCIM 1387 produced maximum ethanol (437.69 ± 1.22 mg ml–1 and 500.87 ± 2.42 mg ml–1 respectively) from 10 per cent (wt/v) HNO3 pretreated field waste. Kluveromyces marxianus NCIM 3465 produced maximum amount of ethanol 341.45 ± 2.02 mg ml–1 whereas Rhizopus oryzae NCIM 1387 (F) produced maximum amount of ethanol 388.14 ± 2.82 mg ml–1, respectively in 6 and 10 per cent (wt/v) HNO3 pretreated industrial waste. Maximum amount of ethanol was generated from spent tea waste by Kluveromyces marxianus NCIM 3465 and Rhizopus oryzae NCIM 1387 when this waste was pretreated with 6 per cent (wt/v) HNO3 viz. 515.82 ± 3.80 and 499.86 ± 2.72 mg ml–1, respectively.
Keywords: Bioethanol, tea waste, waste management, sustainable development, biomass conversion, fermentation
Pooja Chauhan1, Sounak Sarkar1, Vishwaprakash Roy1 and Latika Bhatia2*
1School of Sciences, MATS University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
2Department of Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Atal Bihari Vajpayee University, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
Email: latikabhatia1@yahoo.co.uk
In India, coconut is predominantly grown in the States of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh in considerable extent with due importance in daily life. Erstwhile East Godavari, West Godavari, Srikakulam Vijayanagaram and Visakhapatnam districts are important coconut growing coastal districts in Andhra Pradesh with significant production and productivity. Major factors that contribute to the loss of production and productivity in coconut are damage due to the insect pests and diseases. The most destructive diseases of coconut in Andhra Pradesh that leads to death of palms are basal stem rot and bud rot. The other important diseases are stem bleeding and leaf blight causing severe yield losses. The last two decades data enlightened that the basal stem rot disease was of serious concern with 25.65 per cent incidence in the year 2001 and slowly waned to 1.25 percent by the year 2023. The hotspot areas recorded highest incidence of 22.60 per cent in Srikakulam district followed by east Godavari district in the (17.85%), West Godavari (10.03%),Vishakapatnam(6.94%) and lowest in Vijayanagaram district (5.42%) during the year 2016 and then deflated in subsequent years by 2021. The next fatal disease in scarce is bud rot disease inflated by 25.63 per cent and deflated to 0.0 percent in subsequent years. District wise survey data in recent years reflected its infection in West Godavari (1.31-0.43%), East Godavari district (1.13%-0.43%), Vijayanagaram (1-0.68%), Srikakulam district (0.85%-0.43%), and lowest in Vishakapatnam(0.7-0.50%), for the year 2016 and downswing by the year 2021. The stem bleeding disease, is not prevalent in all the villages but found to occur in sporadic manner with 10.21 per cent incidence as highest and is dwindled in subsequent decades by 0.43 percent. In the concentric hives of Vijayanagaram district it is noted highest incidence of 5.0 per cent followed by Srikakulam district (4.05%), Vishakapatnam (3.76%), West Godavari (3.34%), and lowest in East Godavari district (1.86%) for the year 2016 and then abated subsequently. In recent years, leaf blight is an emerging serious problem noticed in Eluru district which was initially 0.1 DI during 2020 and swiftly surged to 5.23 DI to7.78 DI, respectively in consecutive years 2022 and 2023.
Keywords: Disease, Coconut, Andhra Pradesh, Survey, Incidence
Govardhan Rao V.*, Neeraja, B., Kireeti, A. and Anoosha, V.
AICRP on Plantation Crops, Horticultural Research Station, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Ambajipeta-533 214, Andhra Pradesh, India
Email: govardhanrao139@yahoo.com
A field experiment, conducted at the experimental farm of School of Agricultural Science (SAS), Nagaland University, Medziphema campus, The was laid out in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and eight treatments. Among the treatments, application of stale seedbed technique followed by brown manuring was found the most efficient having lowest weed population and total dry weight and higher weed control efficiency. The same also produced higher plant height (117.30 cm), number of effective tillers plant–1, number of filled grains panicle–1 (99.47), grain yield (3.53 t ha–1), net return (Rs. 31038.83 ha–1) and B:C ratio (1.03) under direct-seeded rice.
Keywords: Brown manuring, bispyribac sodium, direct-seeded rice, stale seedbed technique.
Khriesatuonuo Viswentso2, A.P. Singh1*, Lanunola Tzudir2, D. Nongmaithem2 and Rekha Yadav2
1School of Agriculture & Development , Central University of South Bihar Gaya Bihar,
2Department of Agronomy, School of Agricultural Sciences, Medziphema Campus, Nagaland University, Nagaland, India 797106
Emails: avanishsingh@cusb.ac.in
Papaya is nutritionally important crop but needs improvement in resistance to virus, shelf life and fruit quality. Mutational influence on shelf life and fruit quality was studied by irradiating papaya seeds. On experimenting, lowest post harvest loss in weight was observed in R16P18 (5.69%), R15P19 (5.50%) and R16P14 (6.09%), good fruit cavity index R15P20 (14.55%), length and width. The highest shelf life was in R17P14 (15 days) and R14P15 (14.50 days). The highest surface texture of fruits were recorded in R14P15 (11.22 kg cm–2), R17P14 (10.74) and R15P20 (10.30) mutants. The good pulp thickness was observed in R14P19 (5cm), R14P15 (4.9cm), R12P14 and R17P18 (4.45cm). R11P19 (12.95°brix), R12P12 (13 °brix), R14P19 (14°brix) and R15P19 (12.8°brix) mutants recorded highest TSS. The highest surface color was recorded in R11P19 and highest pulp color was recorded in R14P15. These mutant lines were selected and forwarded to next generation for future mutational studies.
Keywords: Papaya, gamma irradiation, Arka Prabhath, shelf life, post harvest loss, quality.
S. Smitha1*, Vageeshbabu S. Hanur2, M. Manamohan, D.V.2 and Sudhakar Rao3
1Department of Plant Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, UAS, GKVK, Bengaluru-560065
2Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru-560089
3Division of Post Harvest Technology and Agricultural Extension, ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru-560089
Emails: smithaswathickm@gmail.com
The field study, undertaken to assess the impact of different sowing dates and establishment methods in rice, along with weed management practices in blackgram, on the physical and biological properties of soil under riceblackgram system, was conducted using a split-split-plot design with four sowing dates as main plot treatments and rice establishment methods as sub plot treatments in kharif, and different weed management in conventionally sown blackgram as sub-sub plot treatments during rabi. The results revealed that early sowing and direct-seeded rice significantly improved soil physical properties such as bulk density, porosity and water stable aggregates due to better root proliferation and reduced puddling. Neither the date of sowing rice nor weed management practices in blackgram influenced bulk density and water stable aggregates values significantly. Moreover, biological properties such as microbial population, microbial biomass carbon and dehydrogenase activity showed a marked increase under the system involving early sowing i.e. one week before onset of monsoon and DSR and found statistically at par with NPTR.
Keywords: Blackgram, date of sowing, DSR-Direct seeded rice, NPTR-Non puddled transplanted rice, PTR-puddled transplanted rice, soil biology
Susmita Panda*, B. Behera, B.K. Mohapatra and Banashri Lodh
Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751003, India
Emails: susmitapanda3791@gmail.com
In Indian agriculture, seed placement is one of most crucial operations as it affects seed germination, growth and the productivity. Further, in narrow terraces of North Eastern Hilly Region of India, uses of tractor operated planters and other conventional plantersare not feasible. In addition, commercially available planters use mechanical metering which has many limitations including, skidding of the wheel, non-uniform seed rate, wastage of the seed and higher maintenance cost. Therefore, a lightweight self-propelled planter is required for timely operation with less drudgery in terraced terrain with a vertical interval more than 1 m. The seed plates powered by electric or hydraulic motors can effectively prevent the seed irregularities caused by wheel slippage on the ground and vibrations, thereby increasing the working speed and improving seeding accuracy. In order to deal such issues, an ergonomically designed planter with electronic seed metering system was developed. The performance results were analyzed and results with minimum value of missing index, multiple index, precision index and mean seed spacing as 5, 3.34, 16.23 per cent and 10.76 cm and highest value of quality of feed index of 91.67 per cent were recorded at groove size 5.45 mm, 25 per cent hopper fill level and running speed 1 km h-1 respectively.
Keywords: Blackgram, precision planting, hilly areas, taguchi method and planter with electronic seed metering system
Asif Beg1* and Narvendra Singh Chauhan2
1Assistant Professor, Shobhit Institute of Engineering and Technology (Deemed to-be-University), Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh (India)
2Professor, College of Agricultural Engineering and Post-Harvest Technology, Central Agricultural University, Ranipool, Gangtok, Sikkim (India)
Email: asifbeg1996@gmail.com
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is a crucial staple crop in arid and semi-arid regions, serving as a primary source of nutrition and income for millions. Given the increasing global emphasis on eco-friendly farming, integrating precision monitoring tools such as spectral reflectance indices into pearl millet production systems can significantly enhance sustainability. The present experiment was conducted to determine the relationship between spectral indices of various cultivars and their growth parameters and yield, demonstrating how non-invasive, spectral-based assessments can contribute to resource-efficient agriculture. The crop spectral reflectance, within wavelengths ranging from 320 nm to 1100 nm, was measured using a field-portable spectroradiometer between 1000 and 1200 hours across all treatment combinations. Growth and yield were found to be highly influenced by sowing directions, highlighting the importance of precision agronomy for maximizing resource efficiency. The findings reveal significant positive correlations between specific spectral indices (SR and NDVI) and growth parameters (LAI and dry matter) as well as yield. These relationships were analysed from emergence to maturity, with the highest correlation observed during the 50 per cent flowering to milking stage.
Keywords: Pearl millet, SR, NDVI, LAI, dry matter, yield
Bhawna, M.L. Khichar and Sushil*
Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS HAU, Hisar (Haryana), India – 125004
Email: 2015a60bvi@gmail.com
This article examines the impact of industrial enterprises on the environment, the municipal solid waste generated in production processes, their inventory, recuperation, and use of waste as a secondary product. In addition, the cement production process and issues of its disposal are considered. During the operation of a cement plant, household waste is generated. The process examines the environmental status of the cement production enterprise and the measures adopted for the formation and elimination of waste.
The main purpose of the enterprise is the organization of cement production by dry method. During the research, qualitative and quantitative standards of expected impacts on atmospheric air, sources and volumes of waste generation, their toxicity class standards for their further disposal were developed, and the impact of installed equipment on surface and groundwater was assessed. Draft standards for maximum permissible emissions (MPI) and production waste generation have been developed based on an inventory of their sources.
Keywords: Inventory, municipal solid waste, industrial enterprises, recuperation, calculation.
Gulmira Keldiyarova1*, Murodjon Hojiyev2 and Dilbar Yarmatova3
1Samarkand State University Named After Sharof Rashidov Faculty of Geography and Ecology, Docent, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Email: guli_d@inbox.ru
2Samarkand State University Named After Sharof Rashidov Faculty of Geography and Ecology, Teacher, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Email: murodjonhojiyev@mail.ru
3Samarkand State University Named After Sharof Rashidov Faculty of Geography and Ecology, Teacher, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Email: dilbar_yarmatova@samdu.uz
The field experiment, conducted at ZARS, V.C. Farm, Mandya during kharif season, was laid out in a split plot design where main plots were assigned to four sowing dates (August 1st fortnight, August 2nd fortnight, September 1st fortnight and September 2nd fortnight) and sub-plots to three cultivars of maize (MAH 14-138, MAH 14-5 and Bio9544), with twelve treatment combinations and replicated thrice. The results revealed that, D1 (August 1st fortnight) sowing recorded higher cob length (17.19 cm), cob girth (8.83 cm), test weight (32.59 g), grain yield (7355 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (10647 kg ha-1). Among different cultivar H2 (MAH 14-5) recorded higher cob length (17.47 cm), cob girth (8.75 cm), test weight (31.99 g), grain yield (6967 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (10075 kg ha-1).
Keywords: Maize, sowing dates, cultivars, grain yield
Nisarga, G.D.1*, Timmegowda, P.2 and Yogananda, S.B.3
1Ph. D. Scholar, college of Agriculture, Keladi Shivappa Nayaka University of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, Shivamogga.
2Senior Farm Superintendent, College of Agriculture, V.C. Farm, Mandya.
3Professor and Head, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, V.C. Farm, Mandya.
Email: nisargagd99@gmail.com
The study, conducted to determine the effect of moisture content on physical properties of little millet in three moisture contents namely 7.2, 11 and 12.6 per cent (db), showed that with the increase in the moisture content the geometric mean diameter, sphericity, thousand grain weight, angle of repose and static coefficient of friction increased from 1.33 to 1.46 mm, 0.67 to 0.77 mm, 2.32 to 2.41 g, 23-29 per cent and 0.39 to 0.44 (plywood), 0.37 to 0.44 (steel), 035 to 0.39 (glass), respectively. The bulk density, true density and porosity decreased from 755 to 683 Kg m3 –1, 1514 to 1123 Kg m3 –1 and 50.45 to 45.23 per cent, respectively for the little millet grain in the moisture content 7.2 to 12.6 per cent (db). The study showed that the initial moisture content had significant effect on physical properties determined and thus was useful in the design and development of post harvest processing equipment.
Keywords: Little millet, physical properties and moisture content.
Shalini Chaturvedi1, Atul Kumar Shrivastava2* and Indraveer Singh1
1Ph. D Scholar, Department of Farm Machinery & Power Engineering,
2*Atul Kumar Shrivastava Dean College of Agricultural Engineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur, M.P. India 485001
Email: atul_jnkvv@yahoo.com
