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The experiment carried out to estimate genetic components for germination indices and root architecture of twenty eight cowpea seed lots for predicting field emergence during rainy seasons, showed that the phenotypic coefficient of variation varied from 74.54 to 97.63 per cent across the traits. More than 90 per cent genotypic coefficient of variation was estimated for normal seedlings per cent and root architecture traits and germination indices had between 68.35 to 75.09 per cent GCV. Heritability ranged from 79.41 to 93.45 per cent across the traits. Moderate genetic gain was recorded in normal seedling per cent and root architecture and germination indices had lower genetic gain. However germination indices and root architecture positively correlated with each other. Among germination indices, normal seedlings, mean daily germination and germination index had significant positive association with field emergence (0.648**, 0.624**, 0.569**) and among root architecture, shoot length showed significant association with field emergence (0.569**). Therefore, early vigour may be used as one of the selection criterion in breeding programme for developing new ideal variety that could perform better under adverse environmental conditions.
Keywords: Germination indices, root architecture, genetic components and correlation, cowpea, etc.
Shambhoo Prasad
Associate Professor, Department of Agriculture
Shivalik Institute of Professional Studies, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Email Id: shambhu.prasad@sce.org.in
To experiment conducted to assess the impact of the polysora rust disease on maize and to find some suitable resistant genotypes, inside a poly house at College of Agriculture, CAU, Imphal West, Manipur during 2021-22, revealed that almost all the fifteen maize genotypes screened showed low to moderate symptoms of polysora rust after artificial inoculation. Results revealed lowest average disease score (1.33) and PDI (14.78) in genotype “71354” and the highest average disease score (6.56) and PDI (72.89) in “RCM 76”. The genotypes RCM 76 showed the highest susceptibility, while 71354 demonstrated the highest resistance. Eight genotypes exhibited moderately resistant reactions, while the remaining five displayed moderately susceptible reactions.
Keywords: Maize, polysora rust, screening, genotypes, disease score, PDI
Soumen Pati, Nabakishor Nongmaithem and Prajna Samal
Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, CAU, Imphal – 795001
Email: soumenpati1617@gmail.com
The study was conducted at RHREC, Dharwad during 2021-2022 with seven genotypes of arrowroot to assess their performance for growth, yield and quality attributes. Plant height ranged from 103.97 cm (TAr-18-5) to 119.54 cm (TAr-18-10) with mean of 109.45 cm. Number of tillers per plant ranged from 6.21 (TAr-18-5) to 9.15 (TAr-18- 10) with a mean of 7.71. Maximum number of leaves were observed in the genotypes TAr-18-10 (56) and minimum in genotypes TAr-18-5 (38.78). The mean of number of rhizomes per plant was 10.93. Maximum number of rhizomes per plant was observed in TAr-18-10 (12.66) whereas minimum was recorded in TAr-18-5 (9.66). Estimated rhizome yield per hectare in arrowroot genotypes ranged from 20.87 tons (TAr-18-5) to 30.72 tons (TAr-18-10) with an average of 27.14 tons. The dry matter content of arrowroot genotypes ranged from 73.09 per cent (TAr-18-4) to 78.77 per cent (TAr-18-3). The total starch content of arrowroot genotypes ranged from 14.33 per cent (TAr-18-3) to 18.39 per cent (TAr-18-5). The carbohydrate content of arrowroot genotypes ranged from 30.44 per cent (TAr-18-12) to 32.56 per cent (TAr-18-4). The crude protein content of arrowroot genotypes ranged from 3.58 per cent (TAr-18-2) to 4.37 per cent (TAr-18-1).
Keywords: Maranta arundinacea, Gwowth, Yield and Quality attributes
Imamsaheb S.J., Shreedhar D., J.B. Gopali and Laxman H.K.
AICRP (Tuber Crops), Dharwad
Regional Horticultural Research and Extension Center, Dharwad University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India
Email: imamjath@gmail.com
AMMI analysis showed highly significant effects of environments, genotypes x environments interactions and genotypes for the field evaluation of ten genotypes at fifteen locations of the zone. Environments effects held largest share of 76.7 per cent followed by interactions of 11.4 per cent the total sum of squares. ASV pointed stable performance of wheat genotypes HI1650, GW547, HI1636 while lower values of MASV measure was observed for HI1669, NWS2194, HI1650 and the superiority index measure had observed the suitability of HI1650, GW547, HI1669 genotypes. Large values of GAI was observed for HI1669, HI1650, MACS6768 and genotypes HI1669 , HI1650, GW322 expressed more values of HMGV values. Lower values of Si1 was exhibited by HI1650, NWS2194, GW547 and of Si2 had shown by HI1650, HI1669, HI1636 genotypes. Significant differences among the genotypes ranks was confirmed by sum of the values of Z1 only at 5 per cent level of significance. Hierarchical clustering observed that IPC3 had divided the measures as first group consistent of BLUP based analytic measures Meanb, HMRPGV*Mean, GAI, RPGV*Mean, with interaction principal components as well as NPi (3) , NPi (2), Si6 whereas the ASV, MASV, WAASB, IPC4, IPC5, NPi (1), NPi (4) along with Si1, Si4, Si7, Si5, Si2, Si3 measures in second group. Biplot analysis expressed the cluster of BLUP based analytic measures while adjacent cluster of Si6, NPi(3), NPi(2) was also placed in same quadrant.
Keywords: AMMI analysis, Biplot analysis, Hierarchical clustering, non parametric measures
Ajay Verma, BS Tyagi and Gyanendra Singh
ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal 132001
Bunch load management is a critical practice in grape cultivation, deeply intertwined with both training systems and the photosynthesis process. Effective management of bunch load involves strategically regulating the number and distribution of grape clusters on the vine. This practice is closely linked to the chosen training system, influencing factors like canopy architecture, sunlight exposure and resource allocation. The photosynthesis process in grapevines plays a pivotal role in determining the quality attributes of both berries and resulting wines. Bunch load management directly affects photosynthesis by influencing factors such as leaf-to-fruit ratio, canopy density, and light penetration. These factors collectively impact sugar accumulation, color development, and overall grapevine health, subsequently shaping the sensory and chemical qualities of the produced berries and wines. The interplay between bunch load management, training systems, and photosynthesis is therefore integral to achieving desired berry and wine quality. A well-balanced approach to bunch load management, tailored to specific training systems, enhances photosynthetic efficiency, leading to optimal sugar production and flavor development in grapes. Consequently, the resulting wines showcase enhanced aromas, flavors, and overall character. This abstract underscore the significance of understanding and implementing effective bunch load management strategies within various training systems to produce grapes with superior qualities, ultimately contributing to the production of high-quality wines.
Keywords: Bunch load management, grapes, photosynthesis, training system.
Somkuwar R.G.1*, Ausari, P.K.2, Gurjar P.K.S.3, Thutte A.S.4, Nale R.D.5 and Soni N.6
1Principal Scientist, ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune (India) – 412307 2Ph.D. Research Scholar, Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Gwalior (MP) 3,6Scientst, (Horticulture), RVSKVV, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh (India) – 474001
4,5Ph.D. Research Scholar, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra (India) – 413722
Email: rgsgrapes@gmail.com
The study aimed at to study the physio-biochemical analysis of seven tomato genotypes grown under drought stress, genetic diversity, using SSRs. physio-biochemical analysis for the traits i.e., chlorophyll content, TSS content, proline content, catalase activity revealed that the genotype Arka Rakshak with higher total phenolics content have better overall performance under stress compared to other genotypes and seems to be drought tolerant. Diversity studies of seven tomato genotypes amplified with 10SSR primers 8 exhibited polymorphism, the primer SSR110 showed the highest number of polymorphic alleles and the highest PIC value in SSR-92, TS-2, and TS-5 i.e., 0.32 and 0.31, respectively. SSRs was found to be most efficient in assessing the genetic diversity and in crop improvement programs of tomato genotypes. The results obtained in the study will be of great use in crop improvement programs.
Keywords: Drought stress, physiochemical, biochemical, molecular, SSRs
Aniruddh Yadav1*, Vaishali1, Naresh Pratap Singh2, Swapnil Srivastava1, Swati1 and Sonam Arya3
1Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh), India
2College of Biotechnology, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (Uttar Pradesh), India
3Shobhit University, Meerut
E-mail: yaniruddh201@gmail.com
The study on evaluation of underutilized Momordica cymbalaria for growth, yield and quality characters was carried out at College Orchard, Department of Horticulture, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai during 2020-2021 with the aim to identifying high yielding athalakkai accessions suitable for commercial cultivation in southern India. The results revealed that among the twenty two accessions, MC-2 (Pudupatti local) recorded the highest values in growth and yield characters such as days taken for flowering (18.50 days), vine length (140.67 cm), number of vines per plant (8.67), number of fruits per vine (12.30), number of fruits per plant (71.67), fruit length (4.91 cm), fruit girth (3.76 cm), fruit weight (0.93 g), leaf petiole length (4.01 cm), fruit stalk length (1.81 cm), number of seeds per fruit (3.68) and yield (57.10 g plant-1) followed by MC–14 (Chittur local), whereas MC–12 (Kovilangulam local) registered the lowest values in all the traits. MC–12 (Kovilangulam local) recorded the highest days (6.67 days) taken for sprouting, whereas the MC–2 (Pudupatti local) found the least days taken for sprouting (5. 67 days). Regarding quality characters, MC-12 registered the highest in vitamin C (289.00 mg 100 g-1), crude fibre content (6.40 g), protein (2.15 mg 100 g-1), whereas MC-12 registered the lowest content of quality characters (284.12 mg 100 g-1; 6.30 g; 2.15 mg 100 g-1). The study concluded that MC-2 (Pudupatti local) performing well under Madurai condition need further evaluation.
Keywords: Athalakkai, Momardica cymbalaria, genotypes, evaluation, yield, quality
Rajamanickam and P. Arunachalam
Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai – 625 104, Tamil Nadu, India
E-mail: rajamanickamctnau@gmail.com
The study was designed to estimate the productivity, profitability and GHGs emission from cultivation of hybrid and high yield variety (HYV) of rice in two selected villages of South 24 Parganas district which falls under coastal saline zone (CSZ), a resource-scarce zone of the state West Bengal, India. The data revealed that grain yields of hybrids were higher than HYVs, however, straw yields were comparatively higher in HYVs. Average grain yield of hybrid was higher in boro (~ 8 t ha-1) than aman (~ 6 t ha-1) season. Hybrids recorded higher cost of cultivation, gross and net return in both seasons. Except methane emission, emission of both of the CO2 and N2O were higher in aman season. Global warming potential (GWP) of hybrid rice was slightly higher than HYVs in both seasons. However, the yield-scaled GHG emission was higher in HYVs. This means for producing unit amount of grain yield, GHGs emission was higher in HYVs than hybrids. Also the eco-efficiency was higher in hybrids than HYVs, proving than the hybrids are both economically and environmentally sustainable. Lower water footprint and higher water productivity was observed in hybrids, indicating that for producing unit amount of grain yield, hybrids use lower amount of water input. Considering the better grain yield, economics, lower yield-scaled GHG emission and water footprint and higher eco-efficiency, hybrid rice cultivation systems can be recommended to practice with suitable site-specific agronomic management in the locations.
Keywords: Hybrid rice, high yielding rice (HYV), productivity of rice, profitability assessment, GHGs emission
Subhajit Banerjee1*, Kundan Mahato2, Surjakanta Pramanik3 and Simeon Emilov Dimitrov4
1School of Development studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India- 400088
Email: subhajitbanerjee878@gmail.com
(orcid id- https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7828-9661)
2Rajasthan Grameen Aajeevika Vikas Parishad, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India- 302005
Email: kundanmahato18@gmail.com
3Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India- 700019
Email: surjakanta142geo@gmail.com
4Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, ul. “15-ti noemvri” 1, 1000 Sofia Center, Sofia, Bulgaria
Email: simo_vets@abv.bg
*Correspondence Email: subhajitbanerjee878@gmail.com
Tel.: (+91) 90640 81526
Two-year field experiment conducted during 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 to assess the impact of natural and organic farming techniques on the productivity and profitability of the maize-wheat-based cropping system indicated that adoption of organic farming techniques led to a significantly higher maize equivalent yield of the system. There was an increment in the system equivalent yield of T4 (Maize + soybean-wheat + lentil and jeevamrit spray at 14 days interval) by 118.96, 131.84, 143.66 and 126.94 per cent in the 1st year and 112.43, 137.98, 157.66 and 114.42 per cent in the 2nd year of experimentation over sole treatments. Organic farming practices also proved better in terms of various economic indicators, including gross returns, net returns, benefit-cost ratio and the profitability of the system.
Keywords: Economics, equivalent yield, Jeevamrit, Matka khad, natural farming and organic farming
Raveena*1,2, Rameshwar Kumar3, Pooja1 and Ravi Kishan Soni2
1Department of Agronomy, Chaudhary Sarvan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur -176062
2Assistant Professor, School of Agriculture, RNB Global University, Bikaner, 334006, India
3Principal Scientist, Department of Organic Agriculture and Natural Farming, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Palampur -176062
Email: raveenakumawat97@gmail.com
The study carried out between March 2022 and December 2022 at the experimental plot of the Division of Floriculture & Landscaping Architecture at the Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Shalimar campus, Srinagar revealed peak thrips incidence on rose leaves (3.85 thrips leaf–1) on 26th SMW-June and on rose flowers (12.65 thrips flower–1) during in July- 27th SMW, respectively, the population showed a highly significant positive correlation with minimum and maximum temperature whereas negative correlation with RH (minimum and maximum). The highest per cent protection against thrips on rose provided by T4 (fipronil 5 per cent SC @ 1 ml l–1) followed by T7 (thiamethoxam 25 per cent WDG @ 0.3 g l–1), T6 (acetamiprid 20 per cent SP @ 0.2 g l–1) and T8 (Lecanicillium lecanii @ 5 ml l–1) was found less effective among all the treatments.
Key words: Rose, thrips, seasonal incidence, protected condition
Suman1, Abu Manzar1*, M. Jamal Ahmad2, Zahoor Ahmad Bhat3, Nageena Nazir4 and F.A. Shaheen5
Division of Entomology1, (FoH), Division of Entomology2 (FoA), Division of Floriculture and Landscaping Architecture3, Division of Agriculture Statistics4, and School of Agricultural Economics & Business Management5, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar campus, Srinagar-190025, UT of J&K, India-190025.
Email: abumanzar@rediffmail.com
The challenge of managing stored grain pests has significant economic implications for the agricultural sector. Traditional methods involving chemical insecticides pose environmental and health risks, prompting a shift towards exploring sustainable alternatives. This study focuses on the diverse group of stored grain pests, including Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus zeamais, and Callosobruchus chinensis, which cause substantial losses in quality and quantity of stored grains. The research investigates the potential of locally available plant materials with natural insect-repelling properties as an eco-friendly alternative. The study explores 11 indigenous insect-repelling plants through bioassays against major stored grain pests, revealing promising results in terms of insect mortality. Melia seed powder, Lemon grass leaf powder, Thuja seed powder, and Tej patta leaf powder exhibit significant insecticidal activity ranging from 55-70 per cent. Further, the organic treatment, Mugdha rasa (Mercury tablet) recorded statistically on par results with the positive control (aluminium phosphide tablets 56%) by recording cent per cent mortality 2 months after treatment. Additionally, the potential for isolating insecticidal metabolites from these plants opens new avenues for natural insecticides. The study contributes to the ongoing dialogue on nature-inspired solutions for the enduring issue of stored grain pest management in the unique agro-ecosystem of the Indian Himalayas.
Keywords: Stored grain pests, Bio-pesticides, Per cent insect mortality, Indian Himalayas, Eco-friendly pest management
Amit Paschapur1*, Sunaullah Bhat2, Nutan Karki3, Ashish Kumar Singh4, Krishna Kant Mishra5 and Lakshmi Kant6
1*, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ICAR-Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand, India- 263601 Correspondence
E-mail: amitp3929@gmail.com
This study carried out in rabi 2020–21 at the College of Agriculture, Campus Latur, at the Post Graduate Experimental Field of the Department of Agricultural Entomology showed that H. armigera passed through two generations on safflower. The mortality in early instar larvae of H. armigera infesting safflower was found to be 11.11 and 19.44 per cent due to infection of HaNPV during the first and second generations, respectively. However, during the second generation, early instar larvae also died to a tune of 10.34 per cent due to parasitisation of Campoletis chlorideae. The mortality in late instar larvae was found to be 25.00 and 21.73 per cent due to HaNPV during the first and second generations, respectively. However, late instar larvae also died to the extent of 11.53 and 5.54 per cent due to unknown reasons and C. chlorideae, respectively. During the first and second generations, pupal mortality was found to be 33.33 and 41.15 per cent, respectively, due to unknown reasons. The trend index and generation survival were 1.33 and 0.44 and; 0 and 0.27 during the first and second generations, respectively.
Keywords: H. armigera, Safflower, Life tables, C. chlorideae, HaNPV
R.P. Palkar and V.K. Bhamare
Department of Agricultural Entomology
College of Agriculture, Latur 413512, Maharashtra
Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani 431402, Maharashtra, India
*Email: ravindrapalkar08@gmail.com (corresponding author)
The study on evaluation of biopesticides against Helicoverpa armigera Hubner at the college farm of Navsari Agricultural University in Navsari, Gujarat, India during the Rabi season of 2021-22 revealed that Bacillus thuringiensis (applied at a rate of 40 ml 10 l–1) was most effective in managing H. armigera and also in providing the maximum economic return. The next effective treatments were Metarhizium anisopliae (1 × 108 cfu g–1) (applied at a rate of 40 g 10 l–1), Beauveria bassiana (1 × 108 cfu g–1) (applied at a rate of 40 g 10 l–1) and HaNPV (250 LE ha–1) (applied at a rate of 50 ml 10 l–1), respectively. These biopesticides could be considered for incorporation into an integrated pest management (IPM) program for H. armigera. On the other hand, the treatment involving fresh cow urine at 0.4 per cent was the least effective and failed to control H. armigera population in gram.
Keywords: Biopesticides, Gram, Helicoverpa armigera, South Gujarat
P.N. Purabiya1, P.B. Patel1 and M.K. Jena2*
1Department of Entomology, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat-396450, India
2*Section of Applied Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticulture Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
2*Corresponding Author Email: d003208@sggw.edu.pl or jenamanoj401@gmail.com,
Black gram intercropped with either maize or sorghum (3:2) proved superior over other intercropping systems with lower infestation (26.96 and 28.13%, respectively), tunnelling (9.38 and 9.82%, respectively), larval (0.19 and 0.22 plant-1) and pupal population (0.24 and 0.26 plant-1) of stem fly, M. sojae during summer. Higher black gram equivalent seed yield was registered in all the treatments of intercropping systems i.e., black gram + maize (3:2 and 5:1 ratio) and black gram + sorghum (3:2 and 5:1 ratio) in comparison to black gram as sole crop.
Keywords: Black gram, maize, sorghum, intercropping and stem fly
N.P. Pathan1, D.B. Sisodiya2 and R.M. Patel3
1Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, College of Horticulture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural, Jagudan (Gujarat)
2Professor and Head, Department of Entomology, BACA, Anand Agricultural University, Anand (Gujarat) 3Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Entomology, CPCA, S.D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar
Corresponding email: naziya.p.pathan@sdau.edu.in
The field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2019-20 at ZARS, Kalaburagi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur to study the influence of three sowing dates (20th July, 5th August and 20th August and three varieties viz., TS 3R (mid early duration), GRG 811 (medium duration) and BSMR 736 (long duration) on the incidence of pod fly, Melanagromyza obtusa in pigeonpea. Results revealed that sowing of crop seed on 20th July resulted in the lowest pod damage (29.33%) and seed damage (20.77%), followed by those sown on 5th August. 20th August sown pigeonpea showed significantly higher damages. Among varieties, TS 3R exhibited the least pod damage (28.80%) and seed damage (21.47%), contrasting with BSMR 736, a long-duration variety with higher damages (41.87% pod damage, 34.51% seed damage). The findings emphasize that advancing sowing dates and selecting early-maturing varieties can effectively decrease the pod fly infestation.
Keywords: Melanagromyza obtusa, pigeonpea, sowing dates, varieties.
Saleemali Kannihalli* and V Rachappa
Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur- 584 104, Karnataka, India.
The study conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of sulphitated press mud cake (SPMC) in combination with Trichoderma viride, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and 100 per cent chemical fertilizer (RDF) on soil fertility of sugarcane in calcareous soil at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar during 2020-2021 showed that the application of SPMC with T. viride and biofertilizer significantly increased the availability of macro and micronutrients in soil over control after sugarcane harvest. The treatment receiving SPMC @ 12.5 t ha–1 along with T. viride + PSB recorded maximum availability of macro (NPK and S) and micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn). The population of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes varied significantly and increased due to addition of SPMC, treated with T. viride and PSB. The highest bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes population were recorded in plot receiving SPMC @ 12.5 t ha–1 along with T. viride + PSB. The addition of SPMC indicated a significant improvement in bulk density, soil moisture content and pore space of post-harvest soil and being the highest in plots receiving SPMC + T. viride along with PSB. However, SPMC treatments (SPMC @ 5-12.5 t ha–1) was found at par. Based on experimental findings it may be concluded that application of SPMC @ 5.0 t ha–1 + T. viride along with PSB could bring about significant improvement in the physical, chemical and biological properties of calcareous soil.
Keywords: Calcareous Soil, Sulphitated Press Mud, Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria, Actinomycetes.
Bhoja Ram1, Shambhu Chouhan2, Rashmi Priyadarshi3, Rajneesh Kumar4*, S.K. Sinha5 and Smita Kumari6
1,5Department of Soil Science, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur), Bihar – 848125, India.
2,6Department of Agronomy, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144002, India.
3Department of Soil Science, Sugarcane Research Institute Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, India
4*Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144002, India.
Corresponding author mail: r4rajneesh1997@gmail.com
The study conducted with three concentrations (650, 700 and 750 ml ha–1) of combination fungicide i.e. oxathiapiprolin 3 per cent + mandipropamid 25 per cent w/v (280 SC) evaluated against downy mildew of grapes in 2017-18 and 2018-19 under field conditions at Maharashtra revealed that oxathiapiprolin 3 per cent + mandipropamid 25 per cent w/v (280 SC) @ 750 ml ha–1 manifested lowest PDI of 7.84 with a corresponding yield of 23.98 t ha–1 and it was at par with 700 ml ha–1 with a PDI of 8.65 and yield of 23.01 t ha–1. Hence, it may be recommended for the control of downy mildew of grapes. The compatibility of the test fungicide evaluated with fungal and bacterial bio- control agents in in-vitro conditions showed that the fungicide was highly compatible with Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens.
Keywords: Bioefficacy, Compatibility, Downy mildew, Grapes, Mandipropamid, Oxathiapiprolin.
Sujoy Saha, Sumant Kabade, Shital Pharate* and Sneha Bhosale
ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune 412307, Maharashtra, India
E-mail: shitalpawar0502@gmail.com
The growing copper and iron toxic levels in the soils and the demand for environmentally safe, cost effective methods for reclamation metal toxic soils has been major priority in the Malnad (hilly) regions of Karnataka state. The present investigation was carried out using five best performing Trichoderma isolates against fusarium and sclerotium for their tolerance and biosorption levels of Cu and Fe. All the five Trichoderma isolates tested for their tolerance to Cu and Fe levels showed maximum growth at all concentrations. However, their biosorption levels varied. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) analysis revealed that Trichoderma (Tr)-22 isolate absorbed higher concentrations Cu (4.10 ppm) and Fe (13.26 ppm) in dry mycelia from the total supplied Cu (6 ppm) and Fe (40 ppm). In a pot culture study, the maximum mean colony forming units (CFU’s) was recorded with Tr-22 at all the concentrations of Cu (4, 6 and 8 ppm) and Fe (30, 40 and 50 ppm) amended to the soil medium, followed by Tr-14 isolate. Phylogenitic analysis of tef 1 gene of Trichoderma isolates revealed that all the isolates clustered together with Tr-22 and Tr-29 are showed more genetic relatedness, isolate Tr-14 separated out into another sub-cluster.
Keywords: Trichoderma, biosorption, iron (Fe), copper (Cu), genetic diversity.
Sagar N1*, Gangadhara Naik B1, Naveesh YB1, Patil S1 and Naik MK1
1Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Shivamogga, Karnataka State-577204
E-mail: sagar.n.jnv@gmail.com
The field experiment conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Karimganj, Assam (now named as AAU- Zonal Research Station) for organic management of root rot disease in Rajmah during the year 2019-20 showed lowest disease incidence and disease index when soil application of combined liquid bio-formulations (Org-Trichojal + Org-Metajal+ Org- Beavurijal) was done as compared to copper oxychloride. Plant growth parameters like plant height, the number of pods per plant and other yield attributing characters was found to be highest when soil application of combined liquid bio formulations (Org-Trichojal + Org-Metajal + Org-Beavurijal) was applied.
Keywords: Copper-oxychloride, org-trichojal, org-metajal and org-beavurijal
Pranjal Kr Kaman1, Ritu Ranjan Taye2, Safiqual Hussain3, Muqsitur Rahman Choudhury4 and Pranab Dutta5
1J Scientist, Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam
2Scientist, Entomology, AAU-Zonal Research Station, Karimganj, Assam
3Senior Scientist, Plant Breeding and Genetics, Assam Rice Research Institute, Titabar, Jorhat, Assam
4Scientist, Soil Science, AAU-Zonal Research Station, Karimganj, Assam
5 Professor, College of Agriculture, Kyrdemkulai, Central Agricultural University, Umiam, Meghalaya
Corresponding Author: Pranjal Kr Kaman, Scientist, Deptt of Plant Pathology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam
Email: pranjal.k.kaman@aau.ac.in
The field experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU and UAS, Dharwad during the cropping seasons (2018-2019 and 2020-2021). A total of 100 wheat varieties were screened for resistance against spike blight disease. The results showed highest area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of 593.25 in the DW4. No resistant lines were observed at BHU location. At Dharwad, DW 17 recording lowest 270.38 AUDPC showed resistant reactions. The frequency distribution of genotypes based on disease reaction at BHU consisted of resistant (Nil), moderately resistant (32.6%), moderately susceptible (61.38%), and susceptible (5.94%). The distribution of genotypes based on disease reaction at Dharwad consisted of resistant (10.89%), moderately resistant (84.15%), and moderately susceptible (4.9%). However, genotypes with high levels of spike blight resistance should be developed in future wheat breeding programmes.
Keywords: Wheat, Exserohilum rostratum, resistance, Disease screening, AUDPC
Tulasi Korra, Ram Chandra and Thirunarayanan P.
Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Corresponding author : Tulasikorra1990@gmail.com
A pot culture experiment was conducted in protected structure (shade house) on green gram susceptible variety ‘MH-421’ against anthracnose disease during Kharif season of 2023 at Hi-Tech Nursery, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India. Among 11 plant extracts evaluated, the garlic extract at 15 per cent recorded minimum disease incidence and maximum inhibition of 83.33 per cent. However, considering the various drawbacks and hazardous effects of chemicals, plant extracts at minimum dose can be recommended for the management of anthracnose disease.
Keywords: Anthracnose, plant extracts, Colletotrichum truncatum, green gram
Kailash Patel1, A.L. Yadav2*, Sushanti Thochom3, S.K. Maheshwari4, Rahul Jakhar5 and Sunita Dhaka1
1Ph D Research Scholar, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, SKRAU, Bikaner-334 006, Rajasthan, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, SKRAU, Bikaner-334 006, Rajasthan, India 3Assistant Professor, College of Agriculture, Parul University, Vadodara-391 760, Gujrat, India
4Principal Scientist, ICAR-CIAH, Bikaner-334 006, Rajasthan, India
5Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture (SKRAU), Sriganganagar-335 001, Rajasthan, India
Corresponding author: yadavarjun003@gmail.com
A field experiment carried out during two consecutive Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2019-20 and 2020-21 on sandy loam soils of dryland farm at S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh. Results indicated that higher soil available nutrient status (available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium) at harvest of maize was recorded with green seeker directed N application (N3), which was however on par with soil test based fertilizer application (N4) and recommended dose of fertilizer application (N2). Significantly lower soil available nutrient status was resulted with control (N1). With regard to weed management practices, higher and lower soil available nutrient status was recorded with brown manuring (W9) and unweeded check (W1) respectively among the weed management practices during both the years of study and in pooled mean. Both nitrogen and weed management practices executed in preceding maize did not exert any significant influence on performance of soil available nutrient status after groundnut during both the years of experimentation.
Keywords: Maize, Green Seeker, Residual Groundnut and Post Harvest Nutrient
Kadiri Saimaheswari*1, G. Karuna Sagar2 and V. Chandrika3
1SMS, (Crop Production), KVK, Utukur, Kadapa, ANGRAU, A.P.
2Associate Dean, Sri Mekapati Gowtham Reddy Agricultural College, Udayagiri, ANGRAU, A.P. 3Professor and Head, Department of Agronomy, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, ANGRAU, A.P. Corresponding
Email: *saimaheswarikadiri@gmail.com,
Mobile no.: 8096888039
The study conducted with the aim of providing an in-depth understanding of the state-of-the-art technologies, their strengths, limitations, and potential areas for improvement proposes a comprehensive exploration of methodologies for the early identification of tomato plant leaf diseases, emphasizing the integration of advanced image processing techniques, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and open-source algorithms. The culmination of this survey contributes to the development of a dependable, secure, and precise framework tailored to the specificities of tomato plant diseases. The insights derived are poised to inform and guide future research endeavours, offering a holistic perspective on the advancements in early disease detection and predictive mechanisms within the realm of agricultural practices.
Keywords: Convolutional neural networks (CNNS), open-source algorithms, early disease detection, plant leaf diseases.
Ms. Shinde Shivani S.1, Dr. Umesh B. Pawar2, Prof. Ramesh P. Daund3 and Prof. Ravindra Pandit4
SND College of Engineering and Research Center Yeola, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Maharastra
1PG–Computer Engineering Student, Department of Computer Engineering, SND College of Engineering and Research Center Yeola, Dist Nashik, MS India
2Professor and Head, Department of Computer Engineering, SND College of Engineering and Research Center Yeola, Dist Nashik, MS India
3PG Coordinator and System Admin, Department of Computer Engineering, SND College of Engineering and Research Center Yeola, Dist Nashik, MS India
4Asst. Professor, Department of Computer Engineering, SND College of Engineering and Research Center Yeola, Dist Nashik, MS India
Email IDs: 1shivanishinde103@gmail.com; 2umesh.pawar@sndcoe.ac.in; 3ramesh.daund@sndcoe.ac.in; 4ravindra.pandit@sndcoe.ac.in
The article describes in detail the designing of a hexagonal evaporative cooler of 0.23 cubic meter storage capacity developed using mild steel frame, wood cabinet, internally insulated with 0.05 m polystyrene foam, a suction fan of 5 m s–1 velocity air flow (2500 rpm), cooling jute pad of 0.02 m thickness and a water pump with discharge capacity of 0.014 lit min–1 for enhancing shelf life of tomato. The transient performance tests of the cooler devised revealed that the evaporative cooling system storage temperature and relative humidity depression from ambient air temperature varied over 14.5-20°C and 77-88 per cent, respectively. The green mature tomato stored inside this evaporative cooler performed well tell 33 days as against only 7 days, when stored under ambient conditions.
Keywords: Evaporative cooler, shelf life, tomato, rectangular shaped box
Mehari Ghebreyesus1, Biniam Shishay1, Aron Arefaine1, Michael Abraham1, Riezban Gebrehiwet1, Jawed Ahmad1 and Danish Naqvi2
1Department of Agricultural Engineering, Mainefhi College of Engineering and Technology, Eritrea (East Africa), 2Department of Agriculture, Mangalaytam University Beswan Aligarh, India.
2Corresponding email: syeddanishnaqvi84@gmail.com
Storage of fruits and vegetables is a major challenge in India as we have scattered production catchments and highly varying climatic conditions both in time and space. The farmers in India faces difficulties in storage as options are very limited. The situation is more alarming for small holding farmers, as they do not have easy access to cold storage. Cold storages with good control of temperature and humidity are energy intensive and expensive, involve a large initial capital investment, and require uninterrupted electrical grid supply, which is not readily available in many parts of the country. Storage of horticultural produce in solar operated evaporative cooling structure has a great potential to reduce post-harvest losses.
Keywords: Evaporative cooling, refrigeration, temperature, relative humidity
Juhi Ranjan*1, Dr. Sangeeta Chopra1 and Dharmender1
1ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
Corresponding author mail: mail2juhiranjan@gmail.com
A portable solar-assisted evaporative cool chamber (ECC) was developed to extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables for small-scale farmers and vendors as an alternative to conventional cold storage methods. The chamber had a storage capacity of 250 kg and occupied a space of 0.84 m3. Solar panels (200 W) powered a suction fan (7.4 W) and a water pump (9 W). A battery (150 Ah) and a charge controller were utilized to store excess energy and ensure the continuous operation of the system. Within the ECC, a remarkable decrease in temperature and an increase in relative humidity (RH) were observed. The temperature dropped by 9.3 to 15.4ºC, while the relative humidity rose from 46.7 to 64.3 per cent compared to the surrounding ambient conditions. The ECC demonstrated an exceptional saturation efficiency of 98.48 per cent. For duration of 15 days, a variety of selected fruits and vegetables were stored both inside the ECC and under ambient conditions. The ECC storage extended the shelf lives of different produce: tomatoes lasted 12 days (compared to 6 days ambient), okra for 10 days (compared to 6 days ambient), cucumber for 11 days (compared to 5 days ambient), bananas for 11 days (compared to 5 days ambient), apples for 41 days (compared to 18 days ambient), and papayas for 17 days (compared to 8 days ambient).
Keywords: Evaporative cooling, Solar energy, Fruits and vegetables, Quality assessment and Shelf life
Deep P. Patel*1 and S.K. Jain2
1Assistant Professor, 2Professor
1Department of Food Processing Technology, ADIT, CVMU, Anand, Gujarat 2Department of Processing and Food Engineering, CTAE, MPUAT, Udaipur, Rajasthan
Corresponding Author* (E-mail): dp2manjrol@gmail.com
