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This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted role of millets as a critical bridge in achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs), concurrently addressing environmental sustainability and pressing health challenges. Millets, characterized by their adaptability and nutritional richness, are a nexus between agriculture, nutrition, and global development. This paper meticulously examines how millets align with specific SDGs, effectively contribute to environmental preservation through resource-efficient cultivation and positively impact human health through their nutrient-dense composition. It underscores the urgency of recognizing millets as a sustainable solution. It advocates for policy support, research advancements and widespread awareness to fully unlock their potential for a more resilient and nourished world. By critically analyzing existing literature and case studies, we seek to shed light on the opportunities and challenges in integrating millets into agricultural, dietary, and policy frameworks to foster sustainable development.
Keywords: Millets, Sustainable Development Goals, environmental sustainability, health, agriculture, nutrition.
Dr. Anamika Chauhan
Assistant Professor, Department of Home Science
Chaman Lal Mahavidhyalya, Landhaura, Haridwar, Uttarakhand
Email: chauhanana6252@gmail.com
Nanoscience and nanotechnology deal with tremendously small size of nanoparticles which series between 1 to 100 nm. The nanoparticles are used in many science fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, biomedicine, engineering and agricultural fields and so on. In medicine, it plays a vital role in the world. It is very big a dvantages of nanotechnology. Different methods of synthesis of nanoparticles separated into three types are physical, chemical and biological or green synthesis of nanoparticle. In physical and chemical process synthesis of nanoparticles are reasons our environment. It causes harmful radiation, more toxic, pollutant, high cost and non-renewable energy resources. The green synthesis method is environment friendly in nature. It is a renewable energy, involving low cost. The present article deals with green synthesis of nanoparticles and its applications.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, green synthesis, applications.
Hajeera Aseen A, Jyolsna P and Gowthami V*
Department of Physics, School of Basic Science, Vels Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai – 600117, Tamilnadu, India.
The article reviews the documented information available on various aspects of organic farming, shelf life of liquid organic formulations of panchagavya and jeevamruth (developed using cow dung, cow urine, milk and ghee etc.) and alternative ingradients and their effects on soil and crops. The information so gathered may play a significant role in enhancing crop productivity, soil health and imparting disease resistance. The panchgavya with a shelf life of six month exhited increased level of macro and micro nutrients as well as microorganisms in the soil.
Keywords: Panchagavya, jeevamruth, organic farming.
*Sugumaran M.P., Akila S., Porkodi G. and K. Kalaichelvi
Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore
Email: sugumaran.mp@tnau.ac.in
Developing advanced technologies through organic farming is of national importance. Keeping this in view, organic farming technologies for producing mango cvs Dashehari and Lucknow Safeda was initiated at R B Road campus, Telibagh, Lucknow, UP during 2021 to 2022. Soil fertility i.e. soil organic carbon, DTPA extractable Zn, Cu, Fe, soil available P, K, Ca at 0 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm soil depth was assessed. Data suggested that status of soil organic carbon was 0.53±0.14 and 0.47±0.13 per cent in Dashehari orchard while in Lucknow Safeda, values of 0.56±0.02 and 0.51±0.04 per cent were recorded at 0 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm soil depths. Soil available P and K was 22.20±7.66, 21.10±2.03; 24.75±4.83, 21.25±5.25 ppm and 122.50±13.30, 122.14±11.37; 176.14±14.49, 172 .61±27.17 ppm respectively at 0-30 and 30-60 cm depths. Soil Zn, Cu and Fe contents were found in sufficient ranges; 0.76±0.28, 0.72±0.26; 1.02±0.24, 0.84±0.26 ppm Zn; 3.40±1.44, 3.37±0.92; 5.08±1.59, 3.88±2.57 ppm Cu and 4.71±4.17, 3.41±2.13; 4.49±0.81, 3.29±1.43 ppm Fe in Dashehari and Lucknow Safeda orchard soils at upper and lower soil depth were recorded, respectively. Natural farming practices of mulching, spraying jeevamrit on soil, cow urine, amrit pani and vermiwash, neem oil on trees, use of non-chemical IPM tools for pest management etc. were performed systematically. Yield variability of 62 to 147 kg tree-1 in Dashehari and 56 to 90 kg tree-1 in Lucknow Safeda was observed. Results were encouraging to improve the yield harvesting in mango orchards under natural farming practices.
Keywords: Dashehari, Lucknow safeda, mango orchards, soil fertility, organic farming
S.K. Shukla* and Tarun Adak
ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, UP, India
The investigation conducted with sixteen-year-old Mango, Litchi and Aonla orchards, established at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Birouli, Samastipur (Bihar), to study the distribution of soil organic carbon into different pools of varying lability in surface (0-15 cm) and sub-surface (15-30 cm) soil layers, showed that all the orchards significantly improved SOC showing 13 to 44 per cent higher than that in the open (without trees). The total SOC stock up to the soil depth of 0-30 cm in the soil profile was found to be higher in the fruit orchards as compared to the open (without trees) and followed the order: aonla (31 Mg ha-1) > litchi (29 Mg ha-1) > mango (28 Mg ha-1). The SIC of the soil followed a reverse trend with the SOC. All the orchards had significantly lower SIC as compared to the open. Aonla orchard had significantly lower SIC followed by Litchi and Mango. Per cent contribution of SOC pools to the total SOC followed as: Non labile (47 %) > Very labile (25 %) > Labile (16 %) > Less labile (12 %). The ‘r-value of total SOC varied significantly with its different fractions and decreased in the order of VLC (r = 0.955**) > LLC (r = 0.952**) > LC (r = 0.896**) > NLC (r = 0.762**). Among the orchards, aonla orchard showed the highest CPI (1.234), followed by litchi (1.154) and mango (1.101). The mean CMI ranked as aonla orchard (149.9) > mango orchard (138.1) = litchi orchard (137.8) > open (115.0). Among the orchards, mango orchards showed the maximum LI (1.254), followed by aonla (1.216) and litchi (1.196), irrespective of the soil depths. Surface soils showed significantly more LI than that of sub- surface. Thus, the Aonla orchard may be considered the best orchard production system to sequester carbon. Hence, its promotion and expansion as land-use practices in the calcareous belt of north Bihar will be helpful for food security and mitigating climate change.
Keywords: Carbon sequestration, carbon sink, carbon management index, fruit orchard, soil organic carbon
Megha Bhadani1, Dipty Kumar Das2 and Santosh Kumar Singh*1
1Department of Soil Science, Dr.Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar)-848125
2Department of Forestry, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agriculture University, Pusa, Samastipur (Bihar)-848125
Email: santoshraupusa@gmail.com
The experiment conducted during 2022-23 in Tirap district of Arunachal Pradesh to study the influence of different doses of nutrients on fruit quality parameters of mandarin orange revealed that the treatment comprising of FYM (30 kg) + VAM (80 g) + Azatobactor (8 g) plant–1 showed superiority in maximum parameters e.g. plant height (25.42 cm), plant volume (4.99 cm), trunk girth (0.08 cm), leaf size (0.94 cm), fruit setting (4.99%), average fruit weight (0.94 gm), fruit yield (40.85 kg tree-1), fruit length (6.87 cm), fruit diameter (6.92 cm), juice per cent (35.41) and ascorbic acid (47.25%).
Keywords: Khasi mandarin, FYM, Azotobacter, VAM
Abhimanyu Chaturvedi*, SK Chaturvedi2, Ph. Chandramani Singh3 and Neha Sharma4
Krishi Vigyan Kendra – Tirap, Arunachal Pradesh KVK Lower Subansiri, Yachuli – Arunachal Pradesh2 KVK Churachandpur – Manipur3
KVK Panna, Purushottampur-Madhya Pradesh4
Email: mannuhorti@gmail.com
The study was conducted to analyze the technical and resource use efficiency of organic ginger cultivation based on primary data collected from 80 organic ginger growers in hill zone of West Bengal. The multistage sampling technique was employed to select the respondents, further classified into three categories viz. A, B and C based on their land holding. On overall basis, the total cost (Cost C2) of cultivation estimated at Rs 153054.38 of which seeds and labour constitutes 73.34 per cent. The cost of production (Rs q-1) against Cost C3 revealed Rs 3363.55, Rs 3069.61 and Rs 2743.38, respectively for A, B and C category farms showing inverse relationship with land holding. Positive relationship was observed between net income and size of farms. The technical ratio revealed 2.59 and 1.53 against Cost A1 and Cost C3 at overall. In relation to allocative efficiency, explanatory variables could explain 57.52 per cent variation of income at overall basis. The inputs seed and irrigation become significant at 1 per cent level of probability. Organic fertilizers were over utilized by B and C category farmers while irrigation and seeds were underutilized by all categories of farms. Low price of output, high emergence of weeds, diseases and pest attack, climatic hazards and poor marketing network were the major constraints.
Keywords: Allocative efficiency, Hill zone, Profitability, Marginal value product, Organic ginger, Resource use efficiency.
Dawjam Bhutia1, Gobinda Mula2* and Ranjit Chatterjee3
1Research Scholar, Department of Agricultural Economics, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India. 2Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and 3. Professor, Department of Vegetable and Spice Crops, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar – 736165, West Bengal, India.
Email: gobinda@ubkv.ac.in
‘On farm trials’ to assess the effect of organic nutrient package on soil chemical and microbial properties, productivity and economics of summer moong were laid in the farmers’ field of district Tarn Taran. The study tested organic farming, natural farming and integrated nutrient management practices against farmers’ practices in the district. I was found that integrated nutrient management practices gave significantly higher value of yield attributes such as plant height, number of pods per plant and 100 grain weight. Though, the number of seeds per pod were reported as highest with natural farming practice. Continuous application of organic nutrient sources in amounts sufficient to meet the requirements of crops not only resulted in increasing crop yield but also improved soil fertility and organic matter content. There are indications of organic matter build up in organic as well as in natural farming involving treatments which might improve a lot in the long-term. The highest value of organic carbon was reported under scientifically recommended organic package owing to application of organic manure. The trends of nitrogen availability under different treatments were observed similar to that of organic carbon. The highest available P content was registered in INM treatment. The highest yield of summer moong was reported with INM practice followed by farmers’ practice. Despite lower yield in organic and natural farming practices the net returns and B:C ratio were found highest under these treatments.
Keywords: Crop productivity, natural farming, organic agriculture, soil health, summer moong
Anil Kumar1*, Jairam Choudhary2, Ingudam Bhupenchandra3 and Renu Kapoor4
1Farm Science Centre, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Tarn Taran, India
2ICAR-Indian Institute of Farming System Research, Modipuram, India
3Farm Science Centre, ICAR-Research Complex for North–Eastern Hill Region, Manipur, India
4Regional Horticultural and Training Station, YSPUHF, Nurpur, HP, India
Email: anilkumarhpkv@gmail.com
Wheat is one of the most important crop among the cereals in the world. This crop supplies over 20 per cent of the food calories to the world growing population and also stands at 2nd place under staple food crops next to rice in India. The treatments included sorghum extract and clodinafop + metsulfuron herbicide alone as well as mix to control weeds with weed free and weedy checks. Maximum population of soil bacteria (Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Xanthomonas spp.) and soil fungus (Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus spp. and Mucor spp.) were obtained under lower concentration of sorghum extract (1:3) at 60 DAS and at harvest stages of crop, respectively, which measured in terms of magnitude improvements as compared to the population recorded before spraying. Thereafter, treatment which contained very lower concentration of sorghum extract (1:4) which also showed their effects on increasing population of soil bacteria and fungus at 60 DAS and at harvest stages of wheat, respectively, and both the treatments superiority over other sorghum extract and herbicidal treatment tested during investigation. Sorghum extract application showed positive effect on the soil microbial population.
Keywords: Bacteria, Grain yield, Fungus, Sorghum extract, Wheat.
Devi Lal Kikraliya1*, U.N. Shukla2, Krishna Saharan 3, A.K. Meena4, Anuj Kumar5 and Vijay Laxmi Yadav6
1Department of Agronomy, Swami Keshwanand Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner 334006
2Department of Agronomy, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342304 3Department of Microbiology, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342304 4Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342304 5Department of Agronomy, Agriculture University, Kota, Rajasthan 324001
6Department of Agronomy, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303329
Email: devilalkikraliya1997@gmail.com
Mobile no: 8104430091
The pot experiment carried out at Institute of Agricultural Sciences, B.H.U. with eleven treatments consisting of control, 100 per cent recommended dose of NPK fertilizers (100% RDF), 100 per cent RDF + FYM @ 5 t ha-1, 75 per cent RDF + 4t ordinary compost, 75 per cent RDF + 6t ordinary compost, 75 per cent RDF + 4t enriched compost, 75 per cent RDF + 6t enriched compost, 50 per cent RDF + 4t ordinary compost, 50 per cent RDF + 6t ordinary compost, 50 per cent RDF + 4t enriched compost and 50 per cent RDF + 6t enriched compost with three replications in a completely randomized design showed an increases in growth and vigourness of plant under treatment combination of 75 per cent RDF + 6t enriched compost as compared to all other treatments. It was also observed that the recommended fertilizer dose along with FYM significantly enhanced the growth attributes viz; plant height number of branches and pods plant-1 and the number of mung bean seed per pod.
Keywords: Rock Phosphate, Compost, FYM, Greengram, Ordinary Compost, Yield, Soil Fertility.
Menka Kumari, Ramawatar Meena*, Chandan Kumar and Dharmendra Kumar1
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
1Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) 224229
Email: rmeena78@gmail.com
Measurement of physicochemical parameters of soil is necessary to choose appropriate dozes of fertilizers for the deficient component in the soil and to improves crop yield. Thirteen soil samples collected from different fields of Maharastra district were analysed for various parameters like total organic carbon, available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium [K2O], pH, electrical conductivity, calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc etc. The data revealed high variation in soil pH, varying between 5.79 and 8.25. Electrical conductivity, levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, free line, organic carbon, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu ranged from 122 to 477 kg ha-1, 27 to 302 kg ka-1, 153 to 1325 kg ha-1, 8 to 46 kg ha-1, 0.71 to 12.13 kg ha-1, 0.26 to 143.0 per cent, 0.64 to 5.13 ppm, 0.06 to 2.89 ppm, 0.25 to 3.24 pm and 0.18 to 5.13 ppm, respectively. The study recommonds, regular analysis of soil to maintain its quality.
Keywords: Soil, quality parameters, physicochemical, EC, PH, phosphates, organic content, Sangli district area etc.
Sachin Kadam1, Pramod Awasthi2, Sushant Ghone3 and Pandurang Kirdat4
Research Student, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj University, Panvel, India, 410206. Research Guide, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj University, Panvel, India, 410206. Director and Owner, High-Tech Lab and Consultancy, Sangli.
Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Technology, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India, 400614.
Corresponding Author Email: smk_sachin@rediffmail.com
Corresponding Author Address: Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Technology, Navi Mumbai, 400614.
The field experiment conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Chhatabar farm of the Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha “O” Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, under East and South-Eastern Coastal Plain Agro-climatic zone of Odisha during summer season of 2021 on sandy loam soil to evaluate the foliar spray (FS) once (30DAS) or twice (30 and 45 days after sowing) revealed that application of RDF (20:40:20:20 Kg N:P2O5:K2O:S ha–1) + 2 FS NPK (19:19:19) @ 2 per cent spray recorded the highest seed yield (1201 kg ha–1) which was at par with RDF + 2FS of B, RDF + 2FS BR, RDF + 1FS of B, and RDF + 1FS NPK foliar application of water soluble nutrients and growth regulators produced better effects on seed yield and yield attributing characters in green gram, increased the N, P and K content as well as N, P and K uptake of both seed and stover, enriched protein content in seed, enhanced available nutrient status of soil and nutrient use efficiency of summer green gram in comparison to soil application (RDF) alone. Among them RDF + 2 FS NPK foliar spray at 30 and 45 DAS recorded maximum seed yield, high protein (23.13%) containing seed, high nutrient content, uptake, and available nutrient (N, P and K) of soil could be recommended to enhance seed yield, yield attributes, quality parameters, nutrient uptake and soil nutrient status of summer green gram.
Keywords: Green gram, foliar application, NPK 19:19:19, boron, growth regulators, salicylic acid, naphthalene acetic acid, brassinolide.
A.A. Prusty1, A.K. Behura1, A.M. Prusti2*, A.K.B. Mohapatra3, P.K. Panda2, I.O.P. Mishra2, S. Behera2 and T.R. Das4
1Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha “O” Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751030. 2Centre for Pulses Research, OUAT, Berhampur, Odisha 761 001, 3Department of Agrometeorology, College of Agriculture, Bhubaneswar 751 003, 4Division of Genetics, IARI, New Delhi, 110012
Email: amprusti@yahoo.com
In order to identify the best nutrient management option through liquid organic manures on finger millet, a pot experiment was conducted at Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Jharkhand during monsoon season of 2023 using 6 liquid manure options applied 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT) along with a control (LM0: control/no liquid manure, LM1: Jeevamrit, LM2: Panchagavya, LM3: Kunapajala, LM4: Sasyagavya, LM5: Jeevamrit + Panchagavya, LM6: Kunapajala + Sasyagavya @20%) in a completely randomized design, replicated thrice. The findings expressed that liquid manures performed better than the control in realizing better growth, yield and quality of finger millet. Mixed application of Jeevamrit and Panchagavya @20% (LM5) recorded the best growth, yield attributes, resulting in the highest grain yield (9.5 g plant-1), straw yield (18.4 g plant-1 and harvest index (34.0%). This treatment also ensured the highest grain protein (9.7%) of finger millet. Like LM5, combined application of Kunapajala and Sasyagavya @20 per cent (LM6) also ensured statistically similar growth, yield attributes, grain yield (8.8 g plant-1), straw yield (17.7g plant-1), harvest index (33.1%) and grain protein (9.4%) of finger millet. Therefore, millet growers of Jharkhand, India can cultivate finger millet during monsoon season using mixed application of either Jeevamrit and Panchagavya (1:1) or Kunapajala and Sasyagavya (1:1) @ 20 per cent at 15, 30, 45 and 60 DAT.
Keywords: Finger millet, Jeevamrit, Kunapajala, Panchagavya, Quality, Sasyagavya, Yield
Saikat Biswas1* and Rupa Das2
1Faculty of Agriculture, Rural and Tribal Development, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Morabadi, Ranchi, Jharkhand-834008, India
2Faculty of Agriculture, Usha Martin University, Angara, Ranchi, Jharkhand-835103, India
E-mail: sbsaikatbiswas27@gmail.com
The study carried out during 2022-2023 and 2023-24 showed that the application of biochar @ 7.5 t ha–1 + RDF @ 100% + biozyme granules @ 50 kg ha–1 resulted in higher growth rate in plant height, number of leaflets and tubers plant–1 as well as maximum tuber yield of 45.23 t ha–1 and 43.86 t ha–1 in two years, respectively. The treatment also proved best in achieving significantly higher straw yield of 15.57 and 15.02 (t ha–1) and biological yield 60.81 t ha–1 and 58.87 t ha–1 during 2022-23 and 2023-24, respectively. However, the stover yield decreased slightly in 2023-24 compared to the previous year due to disease pressure and unfavorable climatic conditions. By utilizing the combined benefits of biochar and inorganic fertilizers with biozyme granules, farmers can boost productivity while lessening environmental harm and aiding in long-term food security and agricultural sustainability.
Keyword: Biochar, inorganic fertilizers, biozyme granules and yield attributes
Iska Srinath Reddy*, Arun Alfred David, Tarence Thomas, Ram Bharose and Neha Toppo
Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Naini Agricultural Institute
Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences
Email: iskasrinathreddy@gmail.com
